Core material: Primarily uses industrial pure titanium (such as TA1, TA2) and titanium alloys (such as TC4, which is Ti-6Al-4V). TC4 is the most commonly used grade, achieving a perfect balance between strength, toughness, and machinability.

Manufacturing process: Processed through cold heading, hot heading, turning, and thread rolling. Heat treatment (solution treatment and aging) is applied to achieve optimal mechanical properties.

Surface treatment: Processes such as anodizing, galvanizing, cadmium plating, or coating molybdenum disulfide are carried out to enhance wear resistance and prevent seizing.