Core Material: Primarily uses industrial pure titanium (such as TA1, TA2) and titanium alloys (such as TC4, which is Ti-6Al-4V). TC4 is the most commonly used grade, as it achieves a good balance between strength, toughness, and machinability.

Manufacturing Process: Mainly processed through cold heading, hot heading, turning, thread rolling, etc. Subsequently, heat treatment (solution treatment and aging) is required to achieve the desired mechanical properties.

Surface Treatment: To enhance wear resistance, prevent seizing, and improve appearance, processes such as anodizing, galvanizing, cadmium plating, and coating molybdenum disulfide are often carried out.